{"id":10292,"date":"2022-02-26T12:42:50","date_gmt":"2022-02-26T12:42:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/?p=10292"},"modified":"2022-04-28T20:23:06","modified_gmt":"2022-04-28T20:23:06","slug":"ladder-logic-in-plain-english","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/index.php\/2022\/02\/26\/ladder-logic-in-plain-english\/","title":{"rendered":"Ladder Logic in Plain English"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduction to Ladder Logic in Plain English<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Sometimes, its easier to think of Ladder Logic in Plain English.   With a little practice, you can easily speak ladder logic.  In this case, we&#8217;ll use simple generic addressing.   It&#8217;s important to realize, though that you should have descriptions on your logic.  This method works well when you describe everything in the high, or true state.<\/p><div id=\"bryce-576683494\" class=\"bryce-afterfirst bryce-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-8316758073402323\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-8316758073402323\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7728240895\" \ndata-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Learning to convert ladder logic to plain English also helps with structured text.  The most common statement in structured text is the <a href=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/index.php\/2022\/01\/19\/controllogix-if-then-statement\/\">if&#8230; then&#8230; statement.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Basic Instructions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Before we begin, there are some basic instructions we need to understand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Examine ON<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>First, we&#8217;ll talk about the XIC (Examine If Closed), or &#8220;Examine On&#8221; instruction.  In logic, this appears as a normally open relay contact.   It&#8217;s important to realize, however, this does not represent a real contact.  This is simply an instruction.  The XIC can look at any bit anywhere in memory.  If the bit is a 1, the XIC is true.  On the other hand, if the bit is 0, the XIC is false.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"44\" height=\"44\" data-src=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/image-40.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10294 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 44px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 44\/44;\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Always remember, this instruction looks for a 1.  Other ways to express this would be that A must be HIGH, or A must be TRUE.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Examine OFF<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Next, we&#8217;ll discuss the XIO (Examine if Open) Instruction.   Also known as the &#8220;Examine OFF&#8221; instruction, this bit looks for a zero to be true.  In other words, the bit must be 0, LOW, or FALSE.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"52\" height=\"49\" data-src=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/image-41.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10295 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 52px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 52\/49;\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Think of this as a NOT instruction.  The bit can look at any bit anywhere in memory.   If the bit is NOT on, then the instruction is true.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Output To Energize<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The OTE (Output To Energize) writes a value to a bit.  Because it can change the value of a bit, we consider this instruction to be destructive.  You should not use this instruction to write to the same bit twice in a project.  It&#8217;s good programming practice to only have one instruction writing to a bit.  There are a few exceptions to this rule, such as the latch\/unlatch instructions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Keep in mind that when the rung is true (logical power to the instruction), the OTE writes the value of 1.  On the other hand, if the rung is false, the OTE writes a 0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"42\" height=\"41\" data-src=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/image-42.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10297 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 42px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 42\/41;\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Simple If&#8230; Then&#8230; Statements<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Let&#8217;s consider the following rung :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"236\" height=\"44\" data-src=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/image-43.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10298 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 236px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 236\/44;\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>We would simply say, &#8220;If A THEN B&#8221;.   This doesn&#8217;t mean a lot to us, but let&#8217;s look at this rung when we add descritipons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"245\" height=\"63\" data-src=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/image-44.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10299 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 245px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 245\/63;\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>To express this in plain English using descritipoons, we would say, &#8220;IF Pump 1 is Selected, THEN Run Pump 1&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let&#8217;s look at another example using the XIO:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"243\" height=\"57\" data-src=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/image-46.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10301 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 243px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 243\/57;\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In the above example, we would say, &#8220;If Pump 2 is NOT selected, THEN run Pump 1&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">AND Logic<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Whenever we have instructions in series, the logic is AND&#8217;ed together.  In other words, the statements before and after the AND statement must both be true.   Consider the following example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"290\" height=\"63\" data-src=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/image-47.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10302 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 290px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 290\/63;\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>We would express this as, &#8220;If Pump 1 is Selected AND Pump 2 is NOT Selected, then Run Pump 1.   In this case, we have a type of interlock.   If we select both pumps at the same time, Pump 1 will not run.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">OR Logic<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Lastly, we&#8217;ll discuss OR logic.  Consider the following rung:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"290\" height=\"113\" data-src=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/image-48.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10303 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 290px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 290\/113;\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>If Pump 1 is Selected, OR Emergency Run is true, then Run Pump 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Complex Logic<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Let&#8217;s try some complex logic.  In this case, we&#8217;ll have a combination of AND, OR, and NOT logic.  Always pay attention to the parenthesis.  This will help you understand how the logic works.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"297\" height=\"90\" data-src=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/image-49.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10305 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 297px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 297\/90;\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Let&#8217;s see if this rung makes sense.  If (we are in local mode AND we press the valve button) OR (we are not in local mode, and get an open signal from SCADA), THEN open the valve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To put it another way, if we are in local mode, we must hit the local valve button.  Or if we are not in local mode (meaning we are in remote mode), and we get a signal from SCADA, then open the valve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Summary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In short, by understanding basic logic statements, we can express our ladder logic in plain English.  With NOT statements, the but must be OFF.  With AND statements, everything in series must be true.  OR statements are in parallel.  This means that any one of the OR&#8217;ed conditions can be true.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Visit the <a href=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/index.php\/category\/controllogix\/\">ControlLogix Category Page <\/a>for more information on ControlLogix!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8212; Ricky Bryce<\/p>\n<div id=\"bryce-3829020248\" class=\"bryce-after-content bryce-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-8316758073402323\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-8316758073402323\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"4667596182\" \ndata-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction to Ladder Logic in Plain English Sometimes, its easier to think of Ladder Logic in Plain English. With a little practice, you can easily speak ladder logic. In this case, we&#8217;ll use simple generic addressing. It&#8217;s important to realize, though that you should have descriptions on your logic. This method works well when you <a class=\"moretag btn btn-primary\" href=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/index.php\/2022\/02\/26\/ladder-logic-in-plain-english\/\">Read More \u00bb<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10307,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[325,327,326],"class_list":{"0":"post-10292","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-controllogix","8":"tag-and","9":"tag-not","10":"tag-or","11":"czr-hentry"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ladder Logic in Plain English - Bryce Automation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ladder Logic in Plain English -- Expressing logic as NOT, AND, and OR Statements. 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