{"id":10573,"date":"2022-03-13T16:05:14","date_gmt":"2022-03-13T16:05:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/?p=10573"},"modified":"2022-03-13T16:05:17","modified_gmt":"2022-03-13T16:05:17","slug":"tod-and-frd-instructions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/index.php\/2022\/03\/13\/tod-and-frd-instructions\/","title":{"rendered":"TOD and FRD Instructions"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduction to TOD and FRD Instructions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>We use the TOD and FRD Instructions to convert a value to and from BCD.  Specifically, the TOD converts to binary coded decimal.  Likewise, the FRD converts from binary coded decimal.<\/p><div id=\"bryce-2444700118\" class=\"bryce-afterfirst bryce-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-8316758073402323\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-8316758073402323\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7728240895\" \ndata-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) uses a bit pattern to represent a value.   Every 4 bits represents a digit of the full number.   Devices that use BCD include some thumb wheels and 4 digit LED displays.  Typically, we have 16 inputs on our input module.  This works out nicely for 4 digit BCD devices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Binary Works<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Consider the following table:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>0000 &#8211; 0<\/li><li>0001 &#8211; 1<\/li><li>0010 &#8211; 2<\/li><li>0011 &#8211; 3<\/li><li>0100 &#8211; 4<\/li><li>0101 &#8211; 5<\/li><li>0110 &#8211; 6<\/li><li>0111 &#8211; 7<\/li><li>1000 &#8211; 8<\/li><li>1001 &#8211; 9<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Basicaly, in the example above, each number has a 4 digit bit pattern.  The right most digit is the least significant digit.  We call this Bit #0.  The value of this position is 2 to the power of 0, which is 1.  This means that if all the bits are off, except for the least significant bit, then our value is 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, if you look at the decimal value of 2, you will see that bit #1 is turned on.  This represents 2 to the power of 1, which is 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Look at the number 3.  the two most least significant bits are high.  Therefore, we have 2^0 plus 2^1 = 3&#8230;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By the time we get down to 9, 2^3 is high, which is 8.  Additionally, 2^0 is high, which is 1.  Therefore we add both values together and get 9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How BCD Works &#8212; TOD and FRD Instructions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>To understand BCD, keep in mind that computers think in binary.   Since every 4 bits represent a digit of a number, an 8 bit word can represent two digits.  Let&#8217;s look at an example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Consider the following 8 bits:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1001 1001<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Since 1001 is &#8220;9&#8221; in Binary, the above example is &#8220;99&#8221; in BCD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let&#8217;s try an 16 bit number:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>0111 0110 0011 0001<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>From left to right, 0111 is the binary value for a 7.  0110 is a six, and 0011 is a 3.  Finally, 0001 is the value of 1.  Therefore this bit patter represents 7631 in BCD.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In ControlLogix, your typical word is 32 bits.  Eight Hex\/BCD digits can represent these 32 bits.  For the examples, below, we&#8217;ll just use an 8 bit INT to keep things simple.  This will help you understand how the instructions work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The TOD Instruction<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Keep in mind that the TOD instruction converts TO BCD from Decimal.  For example, we have an LED display.  The display accepts BCD Input.  We need to take a value from a tag, and convert that to BCD.  After that, we send it to the display.  Let&#8217;s look at an example in ladder logic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Before we add the instruction, let&#8217;s take a look at a couple tags.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"297\" height=\"45\" data-src=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/image-101.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10574 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 297px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 297\/45;\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In this case, DecimalValue is the tag we wish to convert to a BCD bit pattern.  For this reason, we&#8217;ll add the TOD instruction to logic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"201\" height=\"145\" data-src=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/image-102.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10575 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 201px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 201\/145;\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>You will notice the above instruction displays the decimal equivalent of both the source and destination.  Look at BCDBinary.   Because the instruction is showing the destination in decimal, but it&#8217;s really in BCD, we don&#8217;t see the same number.  However, let&#8217;s go look at our tags, and see if it makes sense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"296\" height=\"47\" data-src=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/image-103.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10576 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 296px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 296\/47;\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>As you can see, on the BCDBinary tag, the leftmost digits are 0111.  This is a 7.  Likewise, the next 4 bits are 0110, which is a 6, then we have a 3, and a 1.  We can now send this value to a BCD Device.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The FRD Instruction<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>FRD is just the opposite of TOD.  This time, we take a binary BCD Value and convert it to Decimal.  I&#8217;m going to delete the TOD, and write a 0 to our DecimalValue tag.  If the FRD is working properly, it should write the value of 7631 back to &#8220;DecimalValue&#8221;.  A good example of using the FRD would be on a thumb wheel.  Remember, the thumb wheel puts a 16 bit pattern on our input module.  We want to convert this bit pattern to a decimal value.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"295\" height=\"47\" data-src=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/image-104.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10577 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 295px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 295\/47;\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, let&#8217;s add the FRD Instruction<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"177\" height=\"113\" data-src=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/image-105.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10578 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 177px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 177\/113;\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>As you can see, our instruction is working properly<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"296\" height=\"46\" data-src=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/image-106.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10579 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 296px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 296\/46;\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Summary for TOD and FRD Instructions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>To summarize, the TOD converts TO BCD, usually for a value going out of the processor.  Likewise, FRD converts FROM BCD.  Again, this would probably be a value coming into our processor from a BCD Device.  It&#8217;s important to realize that Decimal and BCD are not the same.  At least after the value of 9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For more information, please take a look at the <a href=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/index.php\/category\/controllogix\/\">ControlLogix Category Page!<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8212; Ricky Bryce<\/p>\n<div id=\"bryce-1716486143\" class=\"bryce-after-content bryce-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-8316758073402323\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-8316758073402323\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"4667596182\" \ndata-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction to TOD and FRD Instructions We use the TOD and FRD Instructions to convert a value to and from BCD. Specifically, the TOD converts to binary coded decimal. Likewise, the FRD converts from binary coded decimal. Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) uses a bit pattern to represent a value. Every 4 bits represents a digit <a class=\"moretag btn btn-primary\" href=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/index.php\/2022\/03\/13\/tod-and-frd-instructions\/\">Read More \u00bb<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10578,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,167,130],"tags":[469,468,467],"class_list":{"0":"post-10573","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-controllogix","8":"category-plc-5","9":"category-slc500","10":"tag-bcd","11":"tag-frd","12":"tag-tod","13":"czr-hentry"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>TOD and FRD Instructions - Bryce Automation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"TOD and FRD Instructions: TOD Converts TO Binary Coded Decimal, whereas FRD Converts FROM Binary Coded Decimal.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/index.php\/2022\/03\/13\/tod-and-frd-instructions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"TOD and FRD Instructions - 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