{"id":1296,"date":"2017-11-02T02:47:27","date_gmt":"2017-11-02T02:47:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/?p=1296"},"modified":"2022-03-22T23:48:06","modified_gmt":"2022-03-22T23:48:06","slug":"calculating-capacitance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/index.php\/2017\/11\/02\/calculating-capacitance\/","title":{"rendered":"Capacitance"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Introduction to Capacitance<\/h2>\n<p>Capacitance opposes a change in voltage.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0The unit for a capcitor is a &#8220;Farad&#8221;.\u00a0 We use capacitors to filter the &#8220;ripple&#8221; effect when converting AC to DC.\u00a0 \u00a0 We will also use capacitors in resonator circuits, such as a tuner for an AM or FM radio.\u00a0 Any time you have two conductors separated by an insulator, you have capacitance.\u00a0 Sometimes, however, you might have unwanted capacitance in a circuit.\u00a0 \u00a0 For example, you have a communication cable.\u00a0 In a communication cable, we need the bits to go from high to low.\u00a0 We need this to happen very quickly.\u00a0 If we have a long cable, with a lot of capacitance, this will slow our communication speed.<\/p><div id=\"bryce-2294299429\" class=\"bryce-afterfirst bryce-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-8316758073402323\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-8316758073402323\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7728240895\" \ndata-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Let&#8217;s look at a pure AC signal.\u00a0 I&#8217;m generating these images using <a href=\"http:\/\/tinkercad.com\">tinkercad<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1297 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/pureAC.png\" alt=\"Pure AC\" width=\"663\" height=\"410\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/pureAC.png 663w, https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/pureAC-300x186.png 300w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 663px) 100vw, 663px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 663px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 663\/410;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Now, let&#8217;s rectify this signal. The voltage is not going negative, however, we do have a little bit of &#8220;Ripple&#8221; effect.\u00a0 We should smooth this out.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1298 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/ripple.png\" alt=\"DC Ripple\" width=\"861\" height=\"349\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/ripple.png 861w, https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/ripple-300x122.png 300w, https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/ripple-768x311.png 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 861px) 100vw, 861px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 861px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 861\/349;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>At this point, we will place a 10 MicroFarad capacitor on the output of the rectifier.\u00a0 You will see that we have a nearly pure DC output now, even though our source is 60Hz AC.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1299 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/filtered.png\" alt=\"Filtered\" width=\"860\" height=\"413\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/filtered.png 860w, https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/filtered-300x144.png 300w, https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/filtered-768x369.png 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 860px) 100vw, 860px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 860px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 860\/413;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Calculations<\/h2>\n<p>Sometimes, it becomes necessary to make a certain capacitance value from various capacitors that you may have laying around your shop.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Let&#8217;s look at how we would calculate a certain capacitance value from multiple capacitors that are connected together in series or in parallel.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0It&#8217;s important to realize that calculating capacitance is different than calculating resistance.<\/p>\n<p>When calculating capacitors in parallel, we just add the values together.\u00a0 \u00a0 Here is an example:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1300 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/parallel.png\" alt=\"Parallel Capacitors\" width=\"283\" height=\"283\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/parallel.png 283w, https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/parallel-150x150.png 150w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 283px) 100vw, 283px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 283px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 283\/283;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Here, there are three capacitors in parallel.\u00a0 \u00a0 These are 22pf capacitors.\u00a0 \u00a0 For capacitors in parallel, we simply add the values together to derive the total capacitance.\u00a0 \u00a0 Obviously, in this case our total capacitance is 66pf.<\/p>\n<p>When using capacitors in series, things are a little bit more complicated.\u00a0 \u00a0Let&#8217;s look at another example using the same 22pf capacitors.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1301 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/series.png\" alt=\"Series Capacitors\" width=\"306\" height=\"269\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/series.png 306w, https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/series-300x264.png 300w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 306px) 100vw, 306px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 306px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 306\/269;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The formula for calculating the capacitors in series is:\u00a0 \u00a01\/C1 + 1\/C2 + 1\/C3 &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;\u00a0 \u00a0= 1\/Ct<\/p>\n<p>Therefore 1\/22pf + 1\/22pf + 1\/22pf = 3\/22pf<\/p>\n<p>This means that the total capacitance is 22pf\/3 or 7.3333 pf<\/p>\n<p>Be aware in this example, we are using ceramic capacitors.\u00a0 \u00a0Ceramic capacitors do not care about polarity.\u00a0 \u00a0This means that it does not matter how we place the capacitors into the circuit.<\/p>\n<p>You are also going to come across electrolytic capacitors.\u00a0 \u00a0 Electrolytic capacitors are polarized, and you must place them in the circuit with the correct polarity!!!\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0The capacitor can (and likely will) explode if you reverse the polarity.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Electrolytic capacitors have clear markings as to which lead is the &#8211; (negative) lead.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1302 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/electrolytic.png\" alt=\"Electrolytic Capacitor\" width=\"138\" height=\"166\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 138px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 138\/166;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>In some cases, capacitors work with Inductors.\u00a0 Check out the post on inductors using <a href=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/index.php\/2017\/11\/11\/inductance\/\">this link!<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8212; Ricky Bryce<\/p>\n<div id=\"bryce-3063501430\" class=\"bryce-after-content bryce-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-8316758073402323\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-8316758073402323\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"4667596182\" \ndata-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction to Capacitance Capacitance opposes a change in voltage.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0The unit for a capcitor is a &#8220;Farad&#8221;.\u00a0 We use capacitors to filter the &#8220;ripple&#8221; effect when converting AC to DC.\u00a0 \u00a0 We will also use capacitors in resonator circuits, such as a tuner for an AM or FM radio.\u00a0 Any time you have two <a class=\"moretag btn btn-primary\" href=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/index.php\/2017\/11\/02\/calculating-capacitance\/\">Read More \u00bb<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1297,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[77,79,78],"class_list":{"0":"post-1296","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-beginner","8":"tag-capacitance","9":"tag-rectification","10":"tag-theory","11":"czr-hentry"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Capacitance and calculating capacitors in series and in parallel.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How capacitors are used, the main types of capacitors, and how to calculated total capacitance in both series and parallel circuits.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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