{"id":14005,"date":"2022-10-23T14:21:17","date_gmt":"2022-10-23T14:21:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/?p=14005"},"modified":"2022-10-23T14:26:50","modified_gmt":"2022-10-23T14:26:50","slug":"cosmac-1802-flasher","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/index.php\/2022\/10\/23\/cosmac-1802-flasher\/","title":{"rendered":"COSMAC 1802 Flasher"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduction to COSMAC 1802 Flasher Logic<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In this section, we&#8217;ll write a simple program for a COSMAC 1802 Flasher.  We&#8217;ll keep this as simple as possible, and use a couple delay loops.  In this case, we&#8217;ll just use the Q output of the processor.  The most important commands for this to work are the SEQ (Set Q) and REQ (Reset Q) instructions.  I&#8217;m using the CDP1802 Microprocessor kit, but this should work with about any setup.<\/p><div id=\"bryce-697547073\" class=\"bryce-afterfirst bryce-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-8316758073402323\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-8316758073402323\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7728240895\" \ndata-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>I&#8217;ve already installed the<a href=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/index.php\/2022\/10\/22\/a18-assembler-for-cosmac\/\"> A18 assembler <\/a>in Debian 11.  Windows is another option though.  The A18 assembler code comes with an EXE file for Windows.   We&#8217;ll be using this assembler later in the post.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On the CDP1802 Microprocessor Kit, the yellow light connects to your Q output.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"334\" height=\"470\" data-src=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/cosmacsmall.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14007 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/cosmacsmall.png 334w, https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/cosmacsmall-213x300.png 213w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 334px) 100vw, 334px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 334px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 334\/470;\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Set ORG and Registers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>I like to start off any program by stating the starting memory location the code will reside at.  For the CDP1802 Kit, this will be 8000H.  Your set up may be different.  Additionally, we will declare the aliases for our registers.  This will make our programming a bit easier.  This section is just for the assembler, and does not produce any direct output to the object code.  Keep in mind, these 16 registers are the &#8220;Scratchpad&#8221; registers of the 1802 processor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\torg\t8000H\t\nR0\tEQU\t0\nR1\tEQU\t1\nR2\tEQU\t2\nR3\tEQU\t3\nR4\tEQU\t4\nR5\tEQU\t5\nR6\tEQU\t6\nR7\tEQU\t7\nR8\tEQU\t8\nR9\tEQU\t9\nRA\tEQU\t10\nRB\tEQU\t11\nRC\tEQU\t12\nRD\tEQU\t13\nRE\tEQU\t14\nRF\tEQU\t15<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Create Your Delay Loops<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Without delay, or logic will run so fast that we probably wouldn&#8217;t see the light flash.  We&#8217;ll create some delay loops that will add about a 1 second delay.  You can adjust the number of times that each delay loop executes.  In this case, the entire delay loop takes about 1 second to complete.   To change the delays, just adjust the value in INIT0, INIT1, or INIT2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>INIT0:\t\tLDI\t010H\nDLY0:\t\tPLO\tRC\nINIT1:\t\tLDI\t010H\nDLY1:\t\tPLO\tRD\nINIT2:\t\tLDI\t0DEH\nDLY2:\t\tPLO\tRE\n\t\tDEC\tRE\n\t\tGLO\tRE\n\t\tBNZ\tDLY2\n\t\tDEC\tRD\n\t\tGLO\tRD\n\t\tBNZ\tDLY1\n\t\tDEC\tRC\n\t\tGLO\tRC\n\t\tBNZ\tDLY0<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Set or Reset Q<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>At this point, we are ready to execute the SEQ and REQ instructions.  This will set and reset the Q output on the processor.  If you connect an LED to pin #4, be sure to add a resistor in series with the LED.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The BQ command checks to see if Q is set.  If it is, then we jump to the OFF Label, which turns OFF the Q output with the REQ instruction.  IF the Q Output was off, then the BQ instruction is false, and we execute the SEQ instruction to turn it on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\tBQ    OFF\nON:\tSEQ\n\tBR    INIT0\nOFF:    REQ\n        BR    INIT0\n        END<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>In this case, we&#8217;ll save our work as &#8220;flasher.asm&#8221;.  After that, you can run the assembler on your file to make sure there are no errors.  You can either upload the hex file, or look at the list file.  The flasher.lst file will list the OPCODES that you can enter manually.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Summary of the COSMAC 1802 Flasher<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In short, we just declare some registers, and create a delay.  If the output was ON, then we shut it off.  Likewise, if the output was OFF during the previous scan, then we turn it on.  This is a good program to get you started with programming your COSMAC 1802.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">List File<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Here is the output of the LIST file in case you wish to enter your program manually:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>   8000   f8 10         INIT0:\t\tLDI\t010H\n   8002   ac            DLY0:\t\tPLO\tRC\n   8003   f8 10         INIT1:\t\tLDI\t010H\n   8005   ad            DLY1:\t\tPLO\tRD\n   8006   f8 de         INIT2:\t\tLDI\t0DEH\n   8008   ae            DLY2:\t\tPLO\tRE\n   8009   2e            \t\tDEC\tRE\n   800a   8e            \t\tGLO\tRE\n   800b   3a 08         \t\tBNZ\tDLY2\n   800d   2d            \t\tDEC\tRD\n   800e   8d            \t\tGLO\tRD\n   800f   3a 05         \t\tBNZ\tDLY1\n   8011   2c            \t\tDEC\tRC\n   8012   8c            \t\tGLO\tRC\n   8013   3a 02         \t\tBNZ\tDLY0\n   8015   31 1a         \t\tBQ OFF\n   8017   7b            ON:\t\tSEQ\n   8018   30 00         \t\tBR    INIT0\n   801a   7a            OFF:    REQ\n   801b   30 00                 BR    INIT0\n   801d                         END<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>For more information, please visit the <a href=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/index.php\/category\/vintage-computers\/\">Vintage Computer Category Page!<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8212; Ricky Bryce<\/p>\n<div id=\"bryce-2732116022\" class=\"bryce-after-content bryce-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-8316758073402323\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-8316758073402323\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"4667596182\" \ndata-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction to COSMAC 1802 Flasher Logic In this section, we&#8217;ll write a simple program for a COSMAC 1802 Flasher. We&#8217;ll keep this as simple as possible, and use a couple delay loops. In this case, we&#8217;ll just use the Q output of the processor. The most important commands for this to work are the SEQ <a class=\"moretag btn btn-primary\" href=\"https:\/\/bryceautomation.com\/index.php\/2022\/10\/23\/cosmac-1802-flasher\/\">Read More \u00bb<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14007,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[821,727],"tags":[831,832],"class_list":{"0":"post-14005","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-cosmac","8":"category-vintage-computers","9":"tag-flasher","10":"tag-time-delay","11":"czr-hentry"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>COSMAC 1802 Flasher - Bryce Automation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Programming a COSMAC 1802 Flasher. 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