Introduction to Voltage Dividers Voltage dividers are very important to circuits monitored by microprocessors. Important to realize, microprocessors will usually handle 3.3 volts, or 5 volts. With this in mind, the voltage of the circuits they control can be much higher. In this case, we want to measure Read More »
Introduction to the PIR motion sensor We will use PIR Motion Sensor (Passive Infrared) to detect movement. We can use the PIR sensor for security If the sensor detects movement, we can sound an alarm. Another use for the PIR sensor is to automatically energize a light when detecting Read More »
Introduction to the Operational Amplifier The Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp) is very versatile. We can use the Op-Amp to compare voltages, or to amplify audio signals. By comparing voltages, we can build a voltage regulator circuit that is controlled by transistors. When using the op-amp as an amplifier, Read More »
Introduction to Capacitance Capacitance opposes a change in voltage. The unit for a capcitor is a “Farad”. We use capacitors to filter the “ripple” effect when converting AC to DC. We will also use capacitors in resonator circuits, such as a tuner for an AM or FM radio. Read More »
Introduction to Zener Diodes Zener diodes allow conventional current to flow normally from the anode to the cathode, as any other diode. The Zener diode has a special feature, however. When we use this in reverse bias mode, the zener will begin to conduct current at a certain voltage. Read More »
Introduction to Voltage Regulation We need voltage regulation when we need to reduce the voltage for our projects. If the components for your project require 5v, and you have a 9v battery, we can use a voltage regulator get to the 5v needed. There are two main ways that we Read More »
Introduction to the Binary Numbering System Simply put, the Binary Numbering System is a base 2 numbering system. The only numbers available for use to count in binary are 1, and 0. You can think of this in many ways: True/False, Yes/No, or High/Low. Computers work by Read More »
Introduction to Diode Rectification A diode allows current to flow in one direction. We use diode rectification to convert an AC signal to a DC signal. Another use for a diode is for circuit protection to prevent a reverse polarity connection (+ and – reversed). Just be aware there Read More »
Introduction to Transformer Theory and Ratios Transformer theory describes how a transformer steps voltage up or down in AC (alternating current) circuits. On a transformer, we have primary windings, and secondary windings. The primary winding induces a voltage into the secondary windings that is proportional to the number of Read More »
Introduction to Calculating Power (Watts) If you are not familiar with calculating resistance or current, please visit these posts. This will help you better understand basic electrical principals before trying to calculate power. The Unit of power is the WATT. Power itself is easy to calculate, but we Read More »
